As of July 2024, the ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ Dominion University ITS department has finished the process of migrating all user home directories and services (including LIONS web and ftp) from OpenAFS storage to NFSv4 storage housed on the University's NetApp servers.Ìý
The documentation on this page is being updated to reflect these changes. If you have any questions, please contact us by sending an email to itshelp@odu.edu.Ìý
³¢±õ°¿±·³§Ìý(Large Integrated Online Networked Services) is the Linux/UNIX environment created primarily for academic computing. A LIONS account is needed to access the "General Purpose" UNIX/Linux resources supported by ITS. Although any current faculty, staff or student is eligible for a LIONS account, only a small percentage actually need one. Please make sure that YOU need this kind of account before you set one up.
Introduction to LIONS
Requesting A LIONS Account
Activation of your LIONS accounts is processed viaÌýMIDASÌý(Monarch IDentification and Authorization System) located at atÌý. When you activate your LIONS account from MIDAS, it may take upwards of one hour for your account to be created. Please be patient during this process. If it exceeds an hour, please send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýexplaining the situation.
Please note that even though you can set up your LIONS account thru MIDAS, it can not and does not give access to certain resources, such as departmental software, nor does it assume any quota beyond the system defaults. To get access to departmental software or to increase your quota once you have set up your LIONS account, please contact your Instructor or send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýto request such access.
Accessing Your LIONS Account
You may access your LIONS account any number of ways. While there are several systems in the LIONS architecture, the preferred system to use for remote access isÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌý(short forÌýLinux Login). If you have access to department LIONS clients, you may use them as well. If you are using a UNIX/Linux workstation, you can access most LIONS systems remotely using the Secure Shell (ssh) command. (Please note theÌýtelnetÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýrloginÌýcommands are not supported.) For Microsoft Windows users, you can also access LIONS remotely in a graphical session via the X-Window network protocol using theÌýX-Win32Ìý´Ç°ùÌýÌýprograms. Information about X-Win32 and PuTTY can be found on the LIONS web page. You can also "ftp" files to or from your LIONS account, but only if you point your FTP client toÌýftp.lions.odu.edu. Please see theÌýRemote AccessÌýtabÌýfor more information on how to do this.
Web Pages
Faculty and staff may request the ability to host a university related web page from their LIONS account via aÌý~public_htmlÌýdirectory. In most cases students may obtain this ability through the authorization of a department representative. In neither case is the ability on by default unless it was requested at the time the account was created. Just having aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory will not make its contents accessible via the web. More information is available on theÌýWeb ServicesÌýtab on this page. Please note that this facility was intended for setting up pages for distributing research results, and is not set up for hosting complete web sites, though that is possible. If you need assistance with your web pages, we recommend that you investigate what the University has to offer in planning, designing, and deployment of your web information - please visit theÌýUniversity Web & Digital CommunicationÌýpages for more information regarding these offerings.
Changing Your Password
You may change your password either using MIDAS (preferred) or by using the UNIXÌýÌýcommand. Just one word of caution - if you change your LIONS password using theÌýÌýcommand, the next time you change it in MIDAS, it will sync up your LIONS password with your MIDAS password. Please make sure you use a strong password. Do not use names or other "dictionary" words. If we guess your password doing an automated password strength check, your account will be locked and you will have to pick up a new password in person.
Disk Quotas
By default, student account disk quotas are 256MB, while faculty and staff disk quotas are 512MB. If you are a faculty or staff member and you run out of space, please send your request toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýalong with a brief justification for the additional space. If you are a student and you run out of space, please have your instructor or faculty advisor make the request for you. Please note that LIONS is not designed for storage of large data sets. If you have such a need, please send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýrequesting such space.
Remote Access
You may access your LIONS account in any number of ways. While there are several systems in the LIONS architecture, the preferred system for remote access isÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýrunning Red Hat Enterprise Linux. If you have access to departmental LIONS clients, you may access them as well.
There are four supported methods of logging in remotely to LIONS, namely, SSH (Secure Shell) /Ìý, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), andÌýX-Win32. Please note that users are not normally allowed to FTP directly to any UNIX server or workstation, so please use SFTP (part of the OpenSSH package) instead.
Secure Shell (SSH)
SSH, the Secure Shell, is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. SSH features encrypted communication between the local and remote login host. It also supports forwarding of X connections between hosts using encrypted communication protocols.ÌýBecause of its security features, SSH is theÌýrecommendedÌýmethod of remote login to LIONS servers.
OpenSSH is the SSH software installed on all UNIX systems that are a part of LIONS. OpenSSH supports the SSH-2 protocols. However, unlike previous installs of SSH, the ability to forward X connections is not enabled by default. When you ssh to a remote host, use the -X or the -Y flags (ex.Ìýssh -X lin-login.lions.odu.edu) to enable X connection forwarding.
Currently, ITS does not officially support a particular SSH product for the Microsoft Windows platform. However, the Server Support Group has used theÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýÌýprograms with some success in our environment - Just make sure you download and use the latest version of the package.
We have enabledÌýDUO Two Factor Authentication (2FA)ÌýonÌýlin-login.lions.odu.edu. This is the same DUO 2FA that is being offered to the campus for a variety of ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ IT services such as Leo Online, MOVE, and myÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ Portal, just to name a few. This is so that we secure our on-campus public facing services which provide means of authentication using your ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ MIDAS credentials and to stay compliant with our current IT security policies. In short, after you enter your password to log into lin-login, you will be prompted for a DUO 2FA prompt. When you log in, you will receive a password prompt, followed by the DUO 2FA login.
$ sshÌýyourmidasid@lin-login.lions.odu.edu
Password:
Duo two-factor login forÌýyourmidasid
Enter a passcode or select one of the following options:
- Duo Push to XXX-XXX-5309
- SMS passcodes to XXX-XXX-5309
Passcode or option (1-2):Ìý1
Success. Logging you in...
Last login: Thu Feb 10 10:56:53 2022 from 10.0.23.10
$
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
TheÌýLIONSÌýenvironment features anonymous as well as authenticated FTP. As previously explained, users areÌýNOTÌýallowed to ftp to a particular UNIX system (ex. ftping to lin-login.lions.odu.edu directly). Instead there is a dedicated FTP server calledÌýftp.lions.odu.edu. YourÌýLIONSÌýusername and password are all you need to start transferring files back and forth to your home directory or any other directories you have access to.
For more information on FTP, please seeÌýthis document, which describes FTP as well as how to use Anonymous FTP.
Secure FTP/Secure Copy
The SFTP and SCP protocols are features of the secure shell protocol and may also be used to transfer files and from theÌýLIONSÌýenvironment. Please note that SFTP/SCP are NOT the same as FTP, and may only be used to connect to SSH-capable machines.
When using a SFTP or SCP client likeÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌý, please use eitherÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýor sftp.lions.odu.eduÌýas the host to transfer files to.
sftp.lions.odu.eduÌýuses the same DUO two-factor authentication that lin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýuses. For more information on how to use SFTP, please see this document.
X-Win32
X-Win32 by Startnet Inc. is a PC X server (X is the graphical user interface protocol for UNIX systems) for connecting Windows PCs with UNIX systems. With X-Win32 a user can log into a remote UNIX system and have that system display locally on the Windows Desktop.
X-Win32 is the current standard supported by ITS for a Windows-based X-server. If you are a Windows user and need access to a UNIX system and don't have X-Win32 installed, please clickÌýHEREÌý(a new browser window will open) and you will be prompted for your ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ Monarch-Key login. Otherwise, please call the ITS Help Desk at 757-683-3192.
MobaXterm
Ìýis, according to the vendor, "an enhanced terminal for Windows with an X11 server, a tabbed SSH client and several other network tools for remote computing (VNC, RDP, telnet, rlogin). MobaXterm brings all the essential Unix commands to Windows desktop, in a single portable exe file which works out of the box."
While not officially supported by ITS, it is an alternative to PuTTY and X-Win32. You should install theÌýfreeÌýversion, and it is most convenient to download theÌýInstallerÌýversion.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. I am trying to use FTP to log in from my PC using WS-FTP (or other PC FTP software) software, but it says connection refused? why?
A. You can use FTP to access your home directory (and sub directories) by going through the machineÌýftp.lions.odu.edu or by using the SFTP to connect to sftp.lions.odu.edu. These have been specially configured to handle FTP and SFTP services. All of the LIONS hosts as well as "ftp.lions.odu.edu" and "sftp.lions.odu.edu" have access to the same LIONS disk space.
Q. I am trying to connect using a Windows machine, and I don't have any SSH program installed. How do I connect?
A. The freeÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýÌýprograms can be installed and used to connect to LIONS.
Software
All licensed Departmental Software is installed inÌý/nfs/lions.odu.edu/@sys/dep/Ìýwhere dept is the name of the departmental directory (for example,Ìý/nfs/lions.odu.edu/@sys/dep/ece). Each directory is accessible only by users in that department. For example, members of the Aerospace department have access to software installed in the ECE directory.
Using Another Department's Software
If you would like to use software licensed to another department, you need to contact the department. If they approve they will send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýasking us to allow you access to their software. However, most departments will reserve the right to revoke your usage privileges if you are taking away resources from their students.
Licensed Software
The UNIX Support Group offers network level support for licensed software. Our main level of support deals with ensuring that the software is installed properly and can be accessed by the authorized users. If problems arise, we will work with the department and often times we will contact the Technical Support department of a software vendor and work with them to resolve any issues. Some problems are more difficult than others and cannot be solved in a few minutes. When the problem is solved, we will contact all appropriate parties to inform them of the fix.
LIONS Web Services
Faculty and staff may request the ability to host a university related web page from their LIONS account by sending a request toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýand then creating aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory via the directions in the document below. In most cases students may obtain this ability through the authorization of a department representative, meaning that their instructor or faculty advisor needs to make the request on behalf of the student.ÌýPlease note that in neither case is this ability on by default unless it was requested at the time the account was created. Just having aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory in your home directory will not make its contents accessible via the web.
If you wish to house your departmental or organizational web pages under LIONS, we recommend that you do not store them under your LIONS user id. Please visit the University Web & Digital Communication pages if you are interested in creating a web presence for your college/department.
Introduction to LIONS
Requesting A LIONS Account
Activation of your LIONS accounts is processed viaÌýMIDASÌý(Monarch IDentification and Authorization System) located at atÌý. When you activate your LIONS account from MIDAS, it may take upwards of one hour for your account to be created. Please be patient during this process. If it exceeds an hour, please send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýexplaining the situation.
Please note that even though you can set up your LIONS account thru MIDAS, it can not and does not give access to certain resources, such as departmental software, nor does it assume any quota beyond the system defaults. To get access to departmental software or to increase your quota once you have set up your LIONS account, please contact your Instructor or send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýto request such access.
Accessing Your LIONS Account
You may access your LIONS account any number of ways. While there are several systems in the LIONS architecture, the preferred system to use for remote access isÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌý(short forÌýLinux Login). If you have access to department LIONS clients, you may use them as well. If you are using a UNIX/Linux workstation, you can access most LIONS systems remotely using the Secure Shell (ssh) command. (Please note theÌýtelnetÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýrloginÌýcommands are not supported.) For Microsoft Windows users, you can also access LIONS remotely in a graphical session via the X-Window network protocol using theÌýX-Win32Ìý´Ç°ùÌýÌýprograms. Information about X-Win32 and PuTTY can be found on the LIONS web page. You can also "ftp" files to or from your LIONS account, but only if you point your FTP client toÌýftp.lions.odu.edu. Please see theÌýRemote AccessÌýtabÌýfor more information on how to do this.
Web Pages
Faculty and staff may request the ability to host a university related web page from their LIONS account via aÌý~public_htmlÌýdirectory. In most cases students may obtain this ability through the authorization of a department representative. In neither case is the ability on by default unless it was requested at the time the account was created. Just having aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory will not make its contents accessible via the web. More information is available on theÌýWeb ServicesÌýtab on this page. Please note that this facility was intended for setting up pages for distributing research results, and is not set up for hosting complete web sites, though that is possible. If you need assistance with your web pages, we recommend that you investigate what the University has to offer in planning, designing, and deployment of your web information - please visit theÌýUniversity Web & Digital CommunicationÌýpages for more information regarding these offerings.
Changing Your Password
You may change your password either using MIDAS (preferred) or by using the UNIXÌýÌýcommand. Just one word of caution - if you change your LIONS password using theÌýÌýcommand, the next time you change it in MIDAS, it will sync up your LIONS password with your MIDAS password. Please make sure you use a strong password. Do not use names or other "dictionary" words. If we guess your password doing an automated password strength check, your account will be locked and you will have to pick up a new password in person.
Disk Quotas
By default, student account disk quotas are 256MB, while faculty and staff disk quotas are 512MB. If you are a faculty or staff member and you run out of space, please send your request toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýalong with a brief justification for the additional space. If you are a student and you run out of space, please have your instructor or faculty advisor make the request for you. Please note that LIONS is not designed for storage of large data sets. If you have such a need, please send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýrequesting such space.
Remote Access
You may access your LIONS account in any number of ways. While there are several systems in the LIONS architecture, the preferred system for remote access isÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýrunning Red Hat Enterprise Linux. If you have access to departmental LIONS clients, you may access them as well.
There are four supported methods of logging in remotely to LIONS, namely, SSH (Secure Shell) /Ìý, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), andÌýX-Win32. Please note that users are not normally allowed to FTP directly to any UNIX server or workstation, so please use SFTP (part of the OpenSSH package) instead.
Secure Shell (SSH)
SSH, the Secure Shell, is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. SSH features encrypted communication between the local and remote login host. It also supports forwarding of X connections between hosts using encrypted communication protocols.ÌýBecause of its security features, SSH is theÌýrecommendedÌýmethod of remote login to LIONS servers.
OpenSSH is the SSH software installed on all UNIX systems that are a part of LIONS. OpenSSH supports the SSH-2 protocols. However, unlike previous installs of SSH, the ability to forward X connections is not enabled by default. When you ssh to a remote host, use the -X or the -Y flags (ex.Ìýssh -X lin-login.lions.odu.edu) to enable X connection forwarding.
Currently, ITS does not officially support a particular SSH product for the Microsoft Windows platform. However, the Server Support Group has used theÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýÌýprograms with some success in our environment - Just make sure you download and use the latest version of the package.
We have enabledÌýDUO Two Factor Authentication (2FA)ÌýonÌýlin-login.lions.odu.edu. This is the same DUO 2FA that is being offered to the campus for a variety of ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ IT services such as Leo Online, MOVE, and myÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ Portal, just to name a few. This is so that we secure our on-campus public facing services which provide means of authentication using your ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ MIDAS credentials and to stay compliant with our current IT security policies. In short, after you enter your password to log into lin-login, you will be prompted for a DUO 2FA prompt. When you log in, you will receive a password prompt, followed by the DUO 2FA login.
$ sshÌýyourmidasid@lin-login.lions.odu.edu
Password:
Duo two-factor login forÌýyourmidasid
Enter a passcode or select one of the following options:
- Duo Push to XXX-XXX-5309
- SMS passcodes to XXX-XXX-5309
Passcode or option (1-2):Ìý1
Success. Logging you in...
Last login: Thu Feb 10 10:56:53 2022 from 10.0.23.10
$
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
TheÌýLIONSÌýenvironment features anonymous as well as authenticated FTP. As previously explained, users areÌýNOTÌýallowed to ftp to a particular UNIX system (ex. ftping to lin-login.lions.odu.edu directly). Instead there is a dedicated FTP server calledÌýftp.lions.odu.edu. YourÌýLIONSÌýusername and password are all you need to start transferring files back and forth to your home directory or any other directories you have access to.
For more information on FTP, please seeÌýthis document, which describes FTP as well as how to use Anonymous FTP.
Secure FTP/Secure Copy
The SFTP and SCP protocols are features of the secure shell protocol and may also be used to transfer files and from theÌýLIONSÌýenvironment. Please note that SFTP/SCP are NOT the same as FTP, and may only be used to connect to SSH-capable machines.
When using a SFTP or SCP client likeÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌý, please use eitherÌýlin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýor sftp.lions.odu.eduÌýas the host to transfer files to.
sftp.lions.odu.eduÌýuses the same DUO two-factor authentication that lin-login.lions.odu.eduÌýuses. For more information on how to use SFTP, please see this document.
X-Win32
X-Win32 by Startnet Inc. is a PC X server (X is the graphical user interface protocol for UNIX systems) for connecting Windows PCs with UNIX systems. With X-Win32 a user can log into a remote UNIX system and have that system display locally on the Windows Desktop.
X-Win32 is the current standard supported by ITS for a Windows-based X-server. If you are a Windows user and need access to a UNIX system and don't have X-Win32 installed, please clickÌýHEREÌý(a new browser window will open) and you will be prompted for your ÌÒ»¨ÉçÇøÊÓƵ Monarch-Key login. Otherwise, please call the ITS Help Desk at 757-683-3192.
MobaXterm
Ìýis, according to the vendor, "an enhanced terminal for Windows with an X11 server, a tabbed SSH client and several other network tools for remote computing (VNC, RDP, telnet, rlogin). MobaXterm brings all the essential Unix commands to Windows desktop, in a single portable exe file which works out of the box."
While not officially supported by ITS, it is an alternative to PuTTY and X-Win32. You should install theÌýfreeÌýversion, and it is most convenient to download theÌýInstallerÌýversion.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. I am trying to use FTP to log in from my PC using WS-FTP (or other PC FTP software) software, but it says connection refused? why?
A. You can use FTP to access your home directory (and sub directories) by going through the machineÌýftp.lions.odu.edu or by using the SFTP to connect to sftp.lions.odu.edu. These have been specially configured to handle FTP and SFTP services. All of the LIONS hosts as well as "ftp.lions.odu.edu" and "sftp.lions.odu.edu" have access to the same LIONS disk space.
Q. I am trying to connect using a Windows machine, and I don't have any SSH program installed. How do I connect?
A. The freeÌýÌý²¹²Ô»åÌýÌýprograms can be installed and used to connect to LIONS.
Software
All licensed Departmental Software is installed inÌý/nfs/lions.odu.edu/@sys/dep/Ìýwhere dept is the name of the departmental directory (for example,Ìý/nfs/lions.odu.edu/@sys/dep/ece). Each directory is accessible only by users in that department. For example, members of the Aerospace department have access to software installed in the ECE directory.
Using Another Department's Software
If you would like to use software licensed to another department, you need to contact the department. If they approve they will send an email toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýasking us to allow you access to their software. However, most departments will reserve the right to revoke your usage privileges if you are taking away resources from their students.
Licensed Software
The UNIX Support Group offers network level support for licensed software. Our main level of support deals with ensuring that the software is installed properly and can be accessed by the authorized users. If problems arise, we will work with the department and often times we will contact the Technical Support department of a software vendor and work with them to resolve any issues. Some problems are more difficult than others and cannot be solved in a few minutes. When the problem is solved, we will contact all appropriate parties to inform them of the fix.
LIONS Web Services
Faculty and staff may request the ability to host a university related web page from their LIONS account by sending a request toÌýitshelp@odu.eduÌýand then creating aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory via the directions in the document below. In most cases students may obtain this ability through the authorization of a department representative, meaning that their instructor or faculty advisor needs to make the request on behalf of the student.ÌýPlease note that in neither case is this ability on by default unless it was requested at the time the account was created. Just having aÌýpublic_htmlÌýdirectory in your home directory will not make its contents accessible via the web.
If you wish to house your departmental or organizational web pages under LIONS, we recommend that you do not store them under your LIONS user id. Please visit the University Web & Digital Communication pages if you are interested in creating a web presence for your college/department.